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Pass Burning |
Nelson Mandela |
Winnie Mandela 1962 |
Steve Biko |
Free South Africa Movement |
Steve Biko | Dennis Brutus |Yusuf Dadoo |Sheena Duncan | Ruth First |Bram Fischer |
Nadine Gordimer |Chris Hani | Helen Joseph |Clements Kadalie |Alex La Guma |Albert Luthuli |
Nelson Mandela |Winnie Mandela |Charlotte Maxeke |Govan Mbeki |Fatima Meer |Lilian Ngoyi
|Solomon Plaatjie |Albertina Sisulu |Walter Sisulu |Robert Sobukwe |Joe Solvo |Desmond Tutu
General Resources
African National Congress. http://www.anc.org.za/ Accessed June 17, 2003.
Appiah, Kwame Anthony and Henry Louis Gates, ed. Africana Encyclopedia. New York: Basic Civitas Books, 1999.
Brockman, Norbert. An African Biographical Dictionary. Santa Barbara: ABC-CLIO, 1994.
Knight, Virginia Curtin, ed. African Biography. 3 vols. New York: UXL, 1999.
Middleton, John, ed. Africa : An Encyclopedia for Students. 4 vols. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons. 2002.
Russell, Diana E. H. Lives of Courage: Women for a New South Africa. New York: Basic Books, 1989.
South African History Online http://www.sahistory.org.za/pages/index/menu.htm Accessed October 22, 2008.
South African Movers and Shakers
"Steve Biko." South African History Online http://www.sahistory.org.za/pages/people/bios/biko-s.htm Accessed October 22, 2008.
"Biko, Steve." Africa : An Encyclopedia for Students. Ed. John Middleton. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons. 2002. 1:85-86.
"Steve Biko." African Biography. Ed. Virginia Curtin Knight. New York: UXL, 1999, 1: 59.
Tuttle, Kate. "Biko, Stephen." Africana Encyclopedia, Ed. Kwame Anthony Appiah and Henry Louis Gates. New York: Basic Civitas Books, 1999: 233.
"Brutus, Dennis." Africana Encyclopedia. Ed. Appiah, Kwame Anthony and Henry Louis Gates. New York: Basic Civitas Books, 1999: 325.
"Brutus, Dennis." DISCovering Authors, Gale Group, 1999.
"Sheena Duncan." South African History Online http://www.sahistory.org.za/pages/governence-projects/womens-struggle/biographies.htm#D Accessed October 22, 2008.
Soobrayan, Venitha. Yusuf Dadoo. Johannesburg: Maskew Miller Longman, 1993.
"Yusuf Dadoo." South African History Online http://www.sahistory.org.za/pages/people/bios/dadoo,y.htm Accessed October 22, 2008.
"First, Ruth. " Africana Encyclopedia. Ed. Kwame Anthony Appiah, and Henry Louis Gates. New York: Basic Civitas Books, 1999: 757.
Pinnock, Don. Ruth First (They Fought for Freedom Series). Cape Town, Maskew Miller Longman, 1995.
"Ruth First." South African History Online http://www.sahistory.org.za/pages/people/bios/first,r.htm Accessed October 22, 2008.
"Bram Fischer." South African History Online http://www.sahistory.org.za/pages/people/bios/fischer,b.htm Accessed October 22, 2008.
Aguiar, Marian. "Nadine Gordimer," Africana Encyclopedia, Ed. Kwame Anthony Appiah, and Henry Louis Gates, New York: Basic Civitas Books, 1999: 847-848.
"Nadine Gordimer." African Biography. Ed. Virginia Curtin Knight. New York: UXL, 1999, 1:125.
"Gordimer, Nadine." Africa : An Encyclopedia for Students. Ed. John Middleton. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons. 2002. vol. 2:101
"Nadine Gordimer." Nobel e-Museum. http://www.nobel.se/literature/laureates/1991/ Accessed June 17, 2003.
"Nadine Gordimer." South African History Online http://www.sahistory.org.za/pages/people/nobel%20prize/nobel-prize-literature.htm Accessed October 22, 2008.
Berger, Michele. Chris Hani. Johannesburg: Maskew Miller Longman, 1994.
"Chris Hani." South African History Online http://www.sahistory.org.za/pages/people/bios/hani,c.htm Accessed October 22, 2008.
Tuttle, Kate. "Hani, Chris." Africana Encyclopedia, Ed. Kwame Anthony Appiah and Henry Louis Gates. New York: Basic Civitas Books, 1999:918-919.
Frederikse, Julie. Helen Joseph (They Fought for Freedom Series). Cape Town, Maskew Miller Longman, 1995.
"Helen Joseph." South African History Online http://www.sahistory.org.za/pages/people/bios/joseph,h.htm Accessed June 17, 2003.
"Helen Joseph." African National Congress. http://www.anc.org.za/ancdocs/history/people/hjoseph.html Access June 17, 2003.
" Kadalie, Clements." Africana Encyclopedia. Ed. Kwame Anthony Appiah and Henry Louis Gates. New York: Basic Civitas Books, 1999:1074-1075.
"Clements Kadalie." South African History Online http://www.sahistory.org.za/pages/people/bios/kadalie-c.htm Access October 22, 2008.
"Kadalie, Clements." Africa : An Encyclopedia for Students. Ed. John Middleton. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons. 2002. 2: 175-176
"Alex La Guma." South African History Online http://www.sahistory.org.za/pages/people/bios/laGuma,a.htm Accessed October 22, 2008.
"La Guma, Alex." Africana Encyclopedia. Ed. Kwame Anthony Appiah and Henry Louis Gates. New York: Basic Civitas Books, 1999:1116.
"Luthuli, Albert ." Africana Encyclopedia. Ed. Kwame Anthony Appiah and Henry Louis Gates. New York: Basic Civitas Books, 1999:1210.
"Albert Luthuli." African Biography. Ed. Virginia Curtin Knight. New York: UXL, 1999. 2: 263.
"Albert Luthuli." Nobel e-Museum. http://www.nobel.se/peace/laureates/1960/lutuli-bio.html Accessed June 17, 2003.
Albert Luthuli South African History Online. http://www.sahistory.org.za/pages/people/bios/lutuli,aCHIEF.htm Accessed October 22, 2008.
Luthuli, Albert." Africa : An Encyclopedia for Students. Ed. John Middleton. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons. 2002. 2: 34-35.
"Mariam Makeba," Africana Encyclopedia. Ed. Kwame Anthony Appiah, and Henry Louis Gates. New York: Basic Civitas Books, 1999: 1227.
"Miriam Makeba." African Biography. Ed. Virginia Curtin Knight. New York: UXL, 1999, 2:304.
"Nelson Mandela." African Biography. Ed. Virginia Knight Curtin. New York: UXL, 1999. 2: 309.
"Mandela, Nelson." Africa : An Encyclopedia for Students. Ed. John Middleton. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons. 2002. 3: 57-58
"Nelson Mandela." Nobel e - Museum. http://www.nobel.se/peace/laureates/1993/mandela-bio.html Accessed June 17, 2003.
"Nelson Mandela." African National Congress. http://www.anc.org.za/people/mandela/ Accessed June 17, 2003.
Tuttle, Kate. "Mandela, Nelson." Africana Encyclopedia. Ed. Kwame Anthony Appiah and Henry Louis Gates. New York: Basic Civitas Books, 1999: 1244-1245.
Brockman, Norbert. "Mandela, Winnie (Nomzamo Madikizela)." An African Biographical Dictionary. Santa Barbara: ABC-CLIO, 1994: 212-214.
"Winnie Mandela." African Biography. Ed. Virginia Curtin Knight. New York: UXL, 1999, 2:277.
"Winnie Mandela." African National Congress. http://www.anc.org.za/people/mandela_nw.html Accessed June 17, 2003.
"Charlotte Maxeke." African National Congress. <http://www.anc.org.za/ancdocs/history/people/maxeke.html> Accessed June 25, 2003.
"Charlotte Maxeke." Great Epic Books: The Great Books of Africa and other Items of Antiguitarian Interest. March 1998. <http://www.greatepicbooks.com/epics/march98.html> Accessed June 26, 2003.
Govan Mbeki
"Govan Mbeki." South African History Online http://www.sahistory.org.za/pages/people/bios/mbeki-g.htm Accessed October 22, 2008.
"Lilian Ngoyi." African National Congress. http://www.anc.org.za/ancdocs/history/people/lngoyi.html Accessed June 17, 2003.
"Ngoyi, Lilian Masediba: South African Civil-Rights Activist. " The Grolier Library of Women's Biographies. Danbury, Connecticut: Grolier Educational, 1998: 103-104.
"Lilian Ngoyi." South African History Online http://www.sahistory.org.za/pages/people/bios/ngoyi,l.htm Accessed October 22, 2008.
Stewart, Dianne. Lilian Ngoyi. Johannesburg: Maskew Miller Longman, 1996.
"Plaatje, Solomon. Africana Encyclopedia. Ed. Kwame Anthony Appiah and Henry Louis Gates. New York: Basic Civitas Books, 1999: 1529.
"Plaatje, Solomon." Africa : An Encyclopedia for Students. Ed. John Middleton. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons. 2002. 3:175-176.
Pampallis, John. Solomon Plaatje. Johannesburg: Maskew Miller Longman, 1992.
"Albertina Sisulu." South African History Online. http://www.sahistory.org.za/pages/people/bios/sisulu-a.htm Accessed October 22, 2008.
Brockman, Norbert. "Sisulu, Nontsikelelo Albertina." An African Biographical Dictionary. Santa Barbara: ABC-CLIO, 1994: 325-326.
Brockman, Norbert. "Sisulu, Walter Max Ulyate." An African Biographical Dictionary. Santa Barbara: ABC-CLIO, 1994: 326-328.
"Sisulu, Walter." Africana Encyclopedia. Ed. Kwame Anthony Appiah and Henry Louis Gates. New York: Basic Civitas Books, 1999: 1714.
"Walter Sisulu." South African History Online http://www.sahistory.org.za/pages/people/bios/sisulu,w.htm Accessed October 22, 2008.
Brockman, Norbert. "Slovo Joe (Yossel Mashel)." An African Biographical Dictionary. Santa Barbara: ABC-CLIO, 1994: 330-331.
"Joe Slovo." South African History Online http://www.sahistory.org.za/pages/people/bios/slovo,j.htm Accessed October 22, 2008.
Pinnock, Don. Ruth First (They Fought for Freedom Series). Cape Town, Maskew Miller Longman, 1995.
Brockman, Norbert. "Sobukwe, Robert Mangaliso." An African Biographical Dictionary. Santa Barbara: ABC-CLIO, 1994: 334-335.
"Robert Sobukwe." Robben Island Museum. http://www.robben-island.org.za/departments/heritage/gallery/sobukwe.asp Accessed June 17, 2003.
"Desmond Tutu." Nobel e-Museum. http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/peace/laureates/1984/tutu-bio.html
"Desmond Tutu." African Biography. Ed. Virginia Curtin Knight. New York: UXL, 1999. 3: 580.
"Tutu, Desmond." Africa : An Encyclopedia for Students. Ed. John Middleton. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons. 2002. 4: 126.
Tuttle, Kate. " Tutu, Desmond." Africana Encyclopedia, Ed. Kwame Anthony Appiah and Henry Louis Gates. New York: Basic Civitas Books, 1999: 1904-1905.
Social Justice Organizations
African National Congress Home Page. http://www.anc.org.za Accessed September 9, 2003.
South African History Online Special Projects. http://www.sahistory.org.za/pages/governence-projects/black-consciousness/biko/biko-frameset.htm Accessed October 22, 2008.
"Black Sash. " South Africa History Online. Special Projects http://www.sahistory.org.za/pages/governence-projects/womens-struggle/org-blacksash.htm Accessed October 22, 2008.
Coalition for a Free South Africa (Columbia University, New York)
Brown, Frank Dexter. "The Columbia University Blockage," Apartheid: Calibrations of Color. New York: The Rosen Publishing Group, Inc. 1991.
Federation of South African Women
"Federation
of South African Women."South Africa History
Online. Special Projects
http://www.sahistory.org.za/pages/governence-projects/womens-struggle/orgs-fedsaw.htm Accessed October 22,
2008.
"Pan-Africanist
Congress." South African History Online
Special Projects
http://www.sahistory.org.za/pages/governence-projects/organisations/pac/pac-frameset.htm Accessed October 22,
2008.
South African Communist Party. http://www.sacp.org.za/ Accessed September 9, 2003.
"South African Communist Party." South African History Online. Special Projects http://www.sahistory.org.za/pages/governence-projects/organisations/sacp/sacp-frameset.htm Accessed October 22, 2008.
"Randall
M. Robinson." DISCovering Multicultural America. Online
Edition. Gale, 2003. Reproduced in Student Resource
Center. Detroit: Gale, 2004. http://galenet.galegroup.com/servlet/SRC Accessed 4/1/04. (Paid subscription service)
"United Democratic Front." South African History Online. Special Projects http://www.sahistory.org.za/pages/governence-projects/organisations/udf/menu.htm . Accessed October 22, 2008.
Created by Brenda Randolph M.A., M.L.S.
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last updated on October 19, 2008