Essential question
How did people resist enslavement and French rule in the area of West Africa that was once part of the Mali empire?
Task
1. Create a "reverse-glass painting" or mural that shows how people resisted enslavement or French rule in the area of West Africa that was once part of the Mali empire.
2. Write a paragraph that describes your painting and explain how people resisted enslavement or French rule.
Background Readings
"Lat Dior." Le Senegal Online. 1996-2004. http://www.senegal-online.com/anglais/histoire/hommes-celebres/dior.htm Accessed February 1, 2004.
"Lat Dior." Le Senegal Online. 1996-2004. http://www.senegal-online.com/francais/histoire/hommes-celebres/dior.htm Accessed February 1, 2004. (French language web site).
"Senegambia: African Initiatives and resistance in West Africa, 1180-1914." General History of Africa Vol. II: Africa under Colonial Domination 1880-1935. Berkeley: University of California at Berkeley, 1990:57.
Reverse Glass Paintings of Lat Dior
Mbengue, Gora. "Lat Dior N'Gonné Lattir." 1985. As reproduced in Anne-Marie Bouttiaux-Ndiaye, Senegal Behind Glass: Images of Religious and Daily Life, plate 48. New York: Prestel, 1994.
Lo, Babacar. "Lat Dior." 1994. As reproduced in Anne-Marie Bouttiaux-Ndiaye, Senegal Behind Glass: Images of Religious and Daily Life, plate 50. New York: Prestel, 1994.
Sall, Ibrahima. "Lat Dior and Demba War Sal." n.d.As reproduced in Anne-Marie Bouttiaux-Ndiaye, Senegal Behind Glass: Images of Religious and Daily Life, plate 49. New York: Prestel, 1994.
Background Readings
"Ahmadou Bamba was a holy man." Africa One Continent, Many Worlds. http://www.calacademy.org/exhibits/africa/exhibit/senegal/religion.htm Accessed January 31, 2004.
Brockman. Norman. "Amadou Bamba." in An African Biographical Dictionary. Denver: ABC-CLIO, 1994: 41-42.
"Cheikh Ahmadou Bamba." Le Senegal Online. 1996-2004. http://www.senegal-online.com/francais/histoire/hommes-celebres/bamba.htm Accessed February 1, 2004. (French-Language Web site).
Reverse Glass Paintings of Amadu Bamba
Anonymous. "The Massacre of the French." n.d. As reproduced in Anne-Marie Bouttiaux-Ndiaye, Senegal Behind Glass: Images of Religious and Daily Life, plate 32. New York: Prestel, 1994.
Anonymous. "Prayer on the Waves." n.d. As reproduced in Anne-Marie Bouttiaux-Ndiaye, Senegal Behind Glass: Images of Religious and Daily Life, plate 30. New York: Prestel, 1994.
Diarra, Arona. "The Arrest of Sheikh Amadu Bamba." Glass painting. n.d. As reproduced in Anne-Marie Bouttiaux-Ndiaye, Senegal Behind Glass: Images of Religious and Daily Life, plate 26. New York: Prestel, 1994.
Diagne, Abou. Aziz. "Amadou Bamba within a circle of flame." 2001. As reproduced in Roberts, Allen and Mary Nooter Roberts. A Saint in the City: Sufi Arts of Urban Senegal. Los Angeles: UCLA Fowler Museum of Cultural History, 2003: 101.
Gueye, Mor. "Amadu Bamba's Imprisonment in Dakar." 1993. As reproduced in Anne-Marie Bouttiaux-Ndiaye, Senegal Behind Glass: Images of Religious and Daily Life, plate 29. New York: Prestel, 1994.
Gueye, Mor. "Amadu Bamba's Imprisonment in Dakar." 1993. As reproduced in Roberts, Allen and Mary Nooter Roberts. A Saint in the City: Sufi Arts of Urban Senegal. Los Angeles: UCLA Fowler Museum of Cultural History, 2003: 100.
Gueye, Mor. "Amadu Bamba Refusing to Submit to Colonial Authority." 1998. As reproduced in As reproduced in Roberts, Allen and Mary Nooter Roberts. A Saint in the City: Sufi Arts of Urban Senegal. Los Angeles: UCLA Fowler Museum of Cultural History, 2003:97.
Lo, Babacar. "Sheikh Amadu Bamba and the 'jinn'."Anonymous. "Prayer on the Waves." n.d. n.d. As reproduced in Anne-Marie Bouttiaux-Ndiaye, Senegal Behind Glass: Images of Religious and Daily Life, plate 31. New York: Prestel, 1994.
Mbenaque, Gora. "Amadu Bamba and the Lion." Glass painting. n.d. As reproduced in Anne-Marie Bouttiaux-Ndiaye, Senegal Behind Glass: Images of Religious and Daily Life, plate 27. New York: Prestel, 1994.
Mbenaque, Gora. "Amadu Bamba taming the Lion." Glass painting. n.d. As reproduced in Roberts, Allen and Mary Nooter Roberts. A Saint in the City: Sufi Arts of Urban Senegal. Los Angeles: UCLA Fowler Museum of Cultural History, 2003:99.
Mbengue, Gora. "Sheikh Amadu Bamba." Glass painting. n.d. As reproduced in Anne-Marie Bouttiaux-Ndiaye, Senegal Behind Glass: Images of Religious and Daily Life, plate 22. New York: Prestel, 1994.
Roberts, Allen and Mary Nooter Roberts. "Life of a Saint." Passport to Paradise. http://www.fmch.ucla.edu/paradise/lifemore.htm Accessed January 30, 2004.
This web site provides reproductions of the "stations" of Amadu Bamba's including his arrest and exile by French colonialists as depicted by reverse-glass artist Mor Gueye.
Murals
Roberts, Allen and Mary Nooter Roberts. "Walls that Speak: Public Art and Postcolonial Memory." A Saint in the City: Sufi Arts of Urban Senegal. Los Angeles: UCLA Fowler Museum of Cultural History, 2003:123-149.
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Background Reading: Ndate Yalla Mbodj
Diouf, Sylviane A. "Ndate Yalla Mbodj, Queen of Walo." Kings and queens of West Africa. Sylviane A. Diouf. -- New York : F. Watts, 2000: 41- 49.
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Background Readings: Samory Touré
"Samori Touré." History of West Africa. New York: Facts on File, Inc., 2003: 88.
Rowell, Trevor. "Samory Touré." The Scramble for Africa. London: B.T. Batsford, 1986:51-56.
"Samory Touré." Africana Encyclopedia. Ed. Kwame Anthony Appiah, and Henry Louis Gates. New York: Basic Civitas Books, 1999: 1664.
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Gorée Island and Enslavement in Senegal
Background Readings
Antrim, Zayde G. "Gorée." World Book Online Reference Center. Jan. 2004. World Book, Inc. 30 Jan. 2004. http://www.worldbookonline.com/wb/Login?ed=wb
Beaton, Margaret. "Ancient Empires to Independence." Senegal. New York : Children's Press, 1997: 36-43.
"Gorée." Grolier Multimedia Encyclopedia. Scholastic Library Publishing, 2004 http://gme.grolier.com (January 30, 2004).
"Gorée." Island, Senegal." Africana : the encyclopedia of the African and African American Experience. Ed. Kwame Anthony Appiah, Henry Louis Gates. New York : Basic Civitas Books, 1999.
White, Jack. "My dungeon shook: and so will Clinton's, at slavery's Door of No Return." Time March 30, 1998 v151 n12 p46(1). Reproduced in Student Resource Center. Detroit: Gale, 2004. http://galenet.galegroup.com/servlet/SRC Document Number: A20407626. Accessed January 30, 2004.
Reverse Glass Paintings: Enslavement and Gorée Island
Gueye, Mor. "Arms and the Slave Trade." 1990. As reproduced in Anne-Marie Bouttiaux-Ndiaye, Senegal Behind Glass: Images of Religious and Daily Life, plate 57. New York: Prestel, 1994.
Gueye, Mor. "The House of Slaves at Goreé." 1992. As reproduced in Anne-Marie Bouttiaux-Ndiaye, Senegal Behind Glass: Images of Religious and Daily Life, plate 58. New York: Prestel, 1994.
Mbengue, Gora. "Crocodiles Waiting for Slaves." n.d. As reproduced in Anne-Marie Bouttiaux-Ndiaye, Senegal Behind Glass: Images of Religious and Daily Life, plate 56. New York: Prestel, 1994.
Mbengue, Gora. "Slave." 1985. As reproduced in Anne-Marie Bouttiaux-Ndiaye, Senegal Behind Glass: Images of Religious and Daily Life, plate 54. New York: Prestel, 1994.
Mbengue, Gora. "The Slave Hunter." 1985. As reproduced in Anne-Marie Bouttiaux-Ndiaye, Senegal Behind Glass: Images of Religious and Daily Life, plate 53. New York: Prestel, 1994.
Mbengue, Gora. "Slaves in Gaol." 1985. As reproduced in Anne-Marie Bouttiaux-Ndiaye, Senegal Behind Glass: Images of Religious and Daily Life, plate 55. New York: Prestel, 1994.
Mbengue, Gora. "Punished Slave." 1985. As reproduced in Anne-Marie Bouttiaux-Ndiaye, Senegal Behind Glass: Images of Religious and Daily Life, plate 59. New York: Prestel, 1994.
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Webpage created and maintained by B. Randolph, 2004
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