Preserving Words and Worlds:
Mali & the Timbuktu Manuscripts

1. What is a illuminated or illustrated manuscript?

Resources

Hindman, Sandra L. "Illuminated manuscript." World Book Student Encyclopedia. Chicago: World Book Inc.2009.

2. Describe the Timbuktu manuscripts and the campaign to save the manuscripts.

Resources

Rainier, Chris. "Reclaiming the Ancient Manuscripts of Timbuktu." National Geographic News http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2003/05/0522_030527_timbuktu.html

"Ancient Manuscripts from the Desert Libraries of Timbuktu." Library of Congress Exhibition.  July 25, 2003.  Accessed December 7, 2003. http://www.loc.gov/exhibits/mali  
Research Hint: Clink on 'Enter the Exhibition'.

Ghayyur, Taha. "Timbuktu's Desert Scrolls: Re-writing the History of Africa. International Museum of Muslim Cultures. Accessed April 1, 2012.
http://www.soundvision.com/info/history/black/timbuktu.asp

3. Describe medieval Mali and Timbuktu and the coming of Islam.

Resources

Brook, Larry. "The Arrival of Islam." Daily life in Ancient and Modern Timbuktu. Minneapolis: Runestone Press, Lerner, 1999: pg. 16-17.

Haskins, James and Kathleen Benson.  "The Spread of Islam." African Beginnings.  Lothrop, Lee & & Shepard Books.  New York, 1998:  pg. 18-19.

Mann, Kenny. "Islam- New Influences in West Africa."  Ghana, Mali, Songhay: the Western Sudan.  Parsippany, NJ: Dillion Press, 1996:  pg. 54-57.

Masoff, Joy. Mali : Land of Gold and Glory. Waccabuc, NY: Five Ponds Press, 2002

4. Collect and cite 5 relevant facts about the Arabic language.

Resources

Allen, Roger. "Arabic language." World Book Encyclopedia. Chicago: World Book Inc., 2005.

Arabic Calligraphy. http://www.al-bab.com/arab/visual/calligraphy.htm Accessed 2/1/07

5. Collect and cite 5 relevant facts about mosques in Malil, including the Sankore University of Timbuktu, Great Mosque at Djenne.

Resources

Brook, Larry. "Palace and Mosque."  Daily life in Ancient and Modern Timbuktu.  Minneapolis: Runestone Press,  Lerner, 1999: 26-27.

Chu, Daniel and Elliott Skinner. "Cities in Mali."  A Glorious Age in Africa: The Story of Three Great African Empires. Trenton: Africa World Press, 1990:  pg. 74-77.

Haskins, James and Kathleen Benson.  "Timbuktu." African Beginnings.  Lothrop, Lee & Shepard Books.  New York: 1998:  pg. 28.

Hennessey, William J. "Mosque." World Book Encyclopedia. Chicago: World Book Inc., 2005.

“Islamic centers of learning.”African History and Culture : African Kingdoms (500-1500).Vol. II New York: Facts on File, 2001. pg. 113.

Koslow, Phillip."The Crossroads of Africa."  Mali: Crossroad of Africa.  Philadelphia: Chelsea House, 1995:  pg. 33-34.

Middleton, John (ed.). "Timbuktu." Africa : an encyclopedia for students. New York : Charles Scribner's Sons, 2001. Vol. 4:  pg. 90.

Masoff, Joy." The Great King: Mansa Musa and his gilded empire (1307-1337)."   Mali : Land of Gold and Glory. Waccabuc, NY: Five Ponds Press, 2002:  pg. 31.

Page, Willie. "Jenne-Jeno." African History and Culture : African Kingdoms (500-1500). Facts on File, 2001 Vol. II:  pg. 111-112.

Page, Willie. "Timbuktu." African History and Culture : African Kingdoms (500-1500). Facts on File, 2001 Vol. II:  pg. 211.

"Tombouctou."  Peoples of Africa.  New York: Marshall Cavendish, 2000.  Vol. 6:  pg. 319.

Great Mosque at Djenne

Gray, Martin.  "The Mosque of Djenne."  Places of Peace and Power: The Sacred Site Pilgrimage of Martin Gray. 1982-2003. http://sacredsites.com/africa/mali/djenne.html Accessed December 7, 2003.

MacDonald, K.C. "The Great Mosque of Djenne." The Road to Timbuktu. http://www.pbs.org/wonders/Episodes/Epi5/5wondr2.htm Accessed January 12, 2005.

Sankore Mosque

MacDonald, K.C. "Sankore Mosque." The Road to Timbuktu. http://www.pbs.org/wonders/fr_e5.htm Accessed January 12, 2005.

Research Hint: Click on Wonders / Great Mosque at Djenne

"Sankore Mosque." Wonders of the African World. http://www.pbs.org/wonders/fr_e5.htm Accessed 10/19/06

Research Hint: Click on Wonders / Sankore Mosque

6. Describe Mansa Musa and his pilgrimage to Mecca.

Resources

Baker, Charles (ed.). "Mansa Musa King of Mali."  Footsteps:African American History. September/October 1999: Vol. 1, No. 4.

Brockman, Norbert. "Mansa Musa." An African biographical dictionary. Denver, Colo : ABC-CLIO, 1994

Chu, Daniel and Elliott Skinner. A Glorious Age in Africa: The Story of Three Great African Empires. Trenton: Africa World Press, 1990.

Conrad, David. Empires of medieval West Africa : Ghana, Mali, and Songhay. New York : Facts On File, 2005.

Diouf, Sylviane Anne.  "Mansa Musa, Emperor of Mali."  Kings and Queens of West Africa.  New York:  Franklin Watts, A Division of Grolier Publishing, 2000:  pg. 13-25.

Dijkstr, Henk, ed. "The Kingdom of Mali (AD 1250-1400)." History of the ancient & medieval world. Empires of the Ancient World . New York : Marshall Cavendish Corp, 1996. Vol. 11: pg. 1547-1548.

“The Hajj of Mansa Musa I.” African History and Culture : African Kingdoms (500-1500).Vol. II New York: Facts on File, 2001. 

Knight, Judson "Mansa Musa." Middle ages: Biographies. Detroit, MI : UXL, 2001. Knight, Judson. Vol. 1: pg. 229-234.

Koslow, Phillip."Mansa Musa."  Mali: Crossroad of Africa.  Philadelphia: Chelsea House, 1995:  pg. 25-31.

Mann, Kenny. "The Golden Age of Mali: Mansa Musa: The Black Moses of Mali."  Ghana, Mali, Songhay: the Western Sudan.  Parsippany, NJ: Dillion Press, A Division of Simon and Schuster, 1996:  pg. 67-6.

Masoff, Joy." The Great King: Mansa Musa and his gilded empire (1307-1337)."   Mali : Land of Gold and Glory. Waccabuc, NY: Five Ponds Press, 2000:  pg. 28-37.

McCann, James. "Bullion and Beauty: Africa in the Mediterranean Renaissance." Footsteps:African AmericanHistory. Sept/Oct. 1999. Vol.1, No. 4: pg.26

MacDonald, Kevin C. "Mansa Musa." World Book Encyclopedia. Chicago: World Book Inc., 2005.

Meltzer, Milton.  "Mansa Musa. " Ten Kings and the Worlds they Ruled.  New York: Orchard Books (Scholastic), 2002: pg. 68-79.

Middleton, John (ed.). "Mansa Musa." Africa : an encyclopedia for students. New York : Charles Scribner's Sons, 2001. Vol. 3 :  pg. 58-59.

O'Toole, Thomas. "The Mali Empire." Mali in Pictures. Minneapolis: Lerner Publications, 1996:  pg. 22-24.

Page, Willie. "Musa I, Mansa." African History and Culture : African Kingdoms (500-1500). New York: Facts on File, 2001.   Vol. II:  pg. 161-162.

Robertazzi, Chiara."The Mali Empire after Sundiata." Africa : 8th to 18th century. Italian text by Chiara Robertazzi; illustrations for cover and interior by Giorgio Bacchin; English translation by Mary Di Ianni. Austin: Raintree Steck-Vaughn, 1997: pg. 26-27.

Thompson, Carol. The empire of Mali. New York : Watts, 1998

Dowling, Mike, "Mr. Dowling's Mansa Musa Page. " Mr. Dowling.com . Sunday, October 3, 2004. http://www.mrdowling.com/609-mansamusa.html. Accessed 3/3/05.

Hambleton, Vicki. " The Great Pilgrimage To Mecca." Footsteps:African American History. Reproduced in Student Resource Center. Farmington Hills, Mich.: Gale Group. October, 2001. http://galenet.galegroup.com/servlet/SRC/ Accessed November 19, 2003.

Hambleton, Vicki. "Mansa Musa, The Golden King. " Footsteps:African American History. Reproduced in Student Resource Center. Farmington Hills, Mich.: Gale Group. October, 2001. http://galenet.galegroup.com/servlet/SRC/ Accessed November 19, 2003.

Luchembe, Chipasha. "Visit to Cairo. (Mansa Musa). " Reproduced in Student Resource Center. Farmington Hills, Mich.: Gale Group. October, 2001. http://galenet.galegroup.com/servlet/SRC/ Accessed November 19, 2003.

MacDonald, Kevin C., " Mansa Musa ", World Book Online Reference Centre,
http://www.worldbookonline.com/ar?/na/ar/co/ar342650.htm Accessed November 19, 2003.

Spauling, Tim. Sundiata and Mansa Musa on the Web. 2000-2004. http://www.isidore-of-seville.com/mansa/ January 20, 2005.

“Trekking to Timbuktu: Mansa Musa takes a Trip – Student Version.” Timbuktu: A Center for Trade.http://fga.freac.fsu.edu/pdf/nafrica/mansamusa.pdf