Preserving Words and Worlds:
Mali & the Timbuktu Manuscripts

1. What is a illuminated or illustrated manuscript?

Hindman, Sandra L. "Illuminated manuscript." World Book Student Encyclopedia 2009. Montgomery County Public Schools. 21 Jan. 2009. Accessed January 21, 2009. Paid Subscription Source
http://worldbookonline.com/wb/Login?ed=wb

Research Hint: 1) Get passwords from Media Specialists. 2) Type the words 'illuminated manuscript' in the Search Box

2. Describe the Timbuktu manuscripts and the campaign to save the manuscripts.

"Treasures in Timbuktu, Part I." (Video). YouTube. Accessed January 21, 2009.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bNw_gPwsnIw&feature=related

Rainier, Chris. "Reclaiming the Ancient Manuscripts of Timbuktu." National Geographic News http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2003/05/0522_030527_timbuktu.html

"Ancient Manuscripts from the Desert Libraries of Timbuktu." Library of Congress Exhibition.  July 25, 2003.  Accessed December 7, 2003. http://www.loc.gov/exhibits/mali  
Research Hint: Clink on 'Enter the Exhibition'.

Ghayyur, Taha. "Timbuktu's Desert Scrolls: Re-writing the History of Africa. International Museum of Muslim Cultures. Accessed January 21, 2009
http://www.muslimmuseum.org/TimbuktuManuscripts.aspx

3. Describe medieval Mali and Timbuktu and the coming of Islam.

Brook, Larry. "The Arrival of Islam." Daily life in Ancient and Modern Timbuktu. Minneapolis: Runestone Press, Lerner, 1999: pg. 16-17.

Haskins, James and Kathleen Benson.  "The Spread of Islam." African Beginnings.  Lothrop, Lee & & Shepard Books.  New York, 1998:  pg. 18-19.

Mann, Kenny. "Islam- New Influences in West Africa."  Ghana, Mali, Songhay: the Western Sudan.  Parsippany, NJ: Dillion Press, 1996:  pg. 54-57.

Masoff, Joy. Mali : Land of Gold and Glory. Waccabuc, NY: Five Ponds Press, 2002

4. Collect and cite 5 relevant facts about the Arabic language.

Allen, Roger. "Arabic language." World Book Encyclopedia. Chicago: World Book Inc., 2005.

Arabic Calligraphy. http://www.al-bab.com/arab/visual/calligraphy.htm Accessed 2/1/07

5. Collect and cite 5 relevant facts about mosques in Malil, including the Sankore University of Timbuktu, Great Mosque at Djenne.

Brook, Larry. "Palace and Mosque."  Daily life in Ancient and Modern Timbuktu.  Minneapolis: Runestone Press,  Lerner, 1999: 26-27.

Chu, Daniel and Elliott Skinner. "Cities in Mali."  A Glorious Age in Africa: The Story of Three Great African Empires. Trenton: Africa World Press, 1990:  pg. 74-77.

Haskins, James and Kathleen Benson.  "Timbuktu." African Beginnings.  Lothrop, Lee & Shepard Books.  New York: 1998:  pg. 28.

Hennessey, William J. "Mosque." World Book Encyclopedia. Chicago: World Book Inc., 2005.

“Islamic centers of learning.”African History and Culture : African Kingdoms (500-1500).Vol. II New York: Facts on File, 2001. pg. 113.

Koslow, Phillip."The Crossroads of Africa."  Mali: Crossroad of Africa.  Philadelphia: Chelsea House, 1995:  pg. 33-34.

Middleton, John (ed.). "Timbuktu." Africa : an encyclopedia for students. New York : Charles Scribner's Sons, 2001. Vol. 4:  pg. 90.

Masoff, Joy." The Great King: Mansa Musa and his gilded empire (1307-1337)."   Mali : Land of Gold and Glory. Waccabuc, NY: Five Ponds Press, 2002:  pg. 31.

Page, Willie. "Jenne-Jeno." African History and Culture : African Kingdoms (500-1500). Facts on File, 2001 Vol. II:  pg. 111-112.

Page, Willie. "Timbuktu." African History and Culture : African Kingdoms (500-1500). Facts on File, 2001 Vol. II:  pg. 211.

"Tombouctou."  Peoples of Africa.  New York: Marshall Cavendish, 2000.  Vol. 6:  pg. 319.

Great Mosque at Djenne

Gray, Martin.  "The Mosque of Djenne."  Places of Peace and Power: The Sacred Site Pilgrimage of Martin Gray. 1982-2003. http://sacredsites.com/africa/mali/djenne.html Accessed December 7, 2003.

MacDonald, K.C. "The Great Mosque of Djenne." The Road to Timbuktu. http://www.pbs.org/wonders/Episodes/Epi5/5wondr2.htm Accessed January 12, 2005.

Sankore Mosque

MacDonald, K.C. "Sankore Mosque." The Road to Timbuktu. http://www.pbs.org/wonders/fr_e5.htm Accessed January 12, 2005.

Research Hint: Click on Wonders / Great Mosque at Djenne

"Sankore Mosque." Wonders of the African World. http://www.pbs.org/wonders/fr_e5.htm Accessed 10/19/06

Research Hint: Click on Wonders / Sankore Mosque

6. Describe Mansa Musa and his pilgrimage to Mecca.

Baker, Charles (ed.). "Mansa Musa King of Mali."  Footsteps:African American History. September/October 1999: Vol. 1, No. 4.

Brockman, Norbert. "Mansa Musa." An African biographical dictionary. Denver, Colo : ABC-CLIO, 1994

Chu, Daniel and Elliott Skinner. A Glorious Age in Africa: The Story of Three Great African Empires. Trenton: Africa World Press, 1990.

Conrad, David. Empires of medieval West Africa : Ghana, Mali, and Songhay. New York : Facts On File, 2005.

Diouf, Sylviane Anne.  "Mansa Musa, Emperor of Mali."  Kings and Queens of West Africa.  New York:  Franklin Watts, A Division of Grolier Publishing, 2000:  pg. 13-25.

Dijkstr, Henk, ed. "The Kingdom of Mali (AD 1250-1400)." History of the ancient & medieval world. Empires of the Ancient World . New York : Marshall Cavendish Corp, 1996. Vol. 11: pg. 1547-1548.

“The Hajj of Mansa Musa I.” African History and Culture : African Kingdoms (500-1500).Vol. II New York: Facts on File, 2001. 

Knight, Judson "Mansa Musa." Middle ages: Biographies. Detroit, MI : UXL, 2001. Knight, Judson. Vol. 1: pg. 229-234.

Koslow, Phillip."Mansa Musa."  Mali: Crossroad of Africa.  Philadelphia: Chelsea House, 1995:  pg. 25-31.

Mann, Kenny. "The Golden Age of Mali: Mansa Musa: The Black Moses of Mali."  Ghana, Mali, Songhay: the Western Sudan.  Parsippany, NJ: Dillion Press, A Division of Simon and Schuster, 1996:  pg. 67-6.

Masoff, Joy." The Great King: Mansa Musa and his gilded empire (1307-1337)."   Mali : Land of Gold and Glory. Waccabuc, NY: Five Ponds Press, 2000:  pg. 28-37.

McCann, James. "Bullion and Beauty: Africa in the Mediterranean Renaissance." Footsteps:African AmericanHistory. Sept/Oct. 1999. Vol.1, No. 4: pg.26

MacDonald, Kevin C. "Mansa Musa." World Book Encyclopedia. Chicago: World Book Inc., 2005.

Meltzer, Milton.  "Mansa Musa. " Ten Kings and the Worlds they Ruled.  New York: Orchard Books (Scholastic), 2002: pg. 68-79.

Middleton, John (ed.). "Mansa Musa." Africa : an encyclopedia for students. New York : Charles Scribner's Sons, 2001. Vol. 3 :  pg. 58-59.

O'Toole, Thomas. "The Mali Empire." Mali in Pictures. Minneapolis: Lerner Publications, 1996:  pg. 22-24.

Page, Willie. "Musa I, Mansa." African History and Culture : African Kingdoms (500-1500). New York: Facts on File, 2001.   Vol. II:  pg. 161-162.

Robertazzi, Chiara."The Mali Empire after Sundiata." Africa : 8th to 18th century. Italian text by Chiara Robertazzi; illustrations for cover and interior by Giorgio Bacchin; English translation by Mary Di Ianni. Austin: Raintree Steck-Vaughn, 1997: pg. 26-27.

Thompson, Carol. The empire of Mali. New York : Watts, 1998

Dowling, Mike, "Mr. Dowling's Mansa Musa Page. " Mr. Dowling.com . Sunday, October 3, 2004. http://www.mrdowling.com/609-mansamusa.html. Accessed 3/3/05.

Hambleton, Vicki. " The Great Pilgrimage To Mecca." Footsteps:African American History. Reproduced in Student Resource Center. Farmington Hills, Mich.: Gale Group. October, 2001. http://galenet.galegroup.com/servlet/SRC/ Accessed November 19, 2003.

Hambleton, Vicki. "Mansa Musa, The Golden King. " Footsteps:African American History. Reproduced in Student Resource Center. Farmington Hills, Mich.: Gale Group. October, 2001. http://galenet.galegroup.com/servlet/SRC/ Accessed November 19, 2003.

Luchembe, Chipasha. "Visit to Cairo. (Mansa Musa). " Reproduced in Student Resource Center. Farmington Hills, Mich.: Gale Group. October, 2001. http://galenet.galegroup.com/servlet/SRC/ Accessed November 19, 2003.

MacDonald, Kevin C., " Mansa Musa ", World Book Online Reference Centre,
http://www.worldbookonline.com/ar?/na/ar/co/ar342650.htm Accessed November 19, 2003.

Spauling, Tim. Sundiata and Mansa Musa on the Web. 2000-2004. http://www.isidore-of-seville.com/mansa/ January 20, 2005.

“Trekking to Timbuktu: Mansa Musa takes a Trip – Student Version.” Timbuktu: A Center for Trade.http://fga.freac.fsu.edu/pdf/nafrica/mansamusa.pdf